Consilience

by Veronika Bennholdt-Thomsen, released under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 license.

Essay from the wonderful book The Wealth of the Commons: A world beyond market & state.

The argument isn’t complete in the article (thus also not in my excerpts) but it does appear there is a book-length work on the subject by this author (with another co-author).

Over the course of modernity, commons as societal institutions have increasingly been reified to being considered merely material objects. This is nothing less than a fundamentalist reinterpretation of the commons influenced by neoliberal thought. No longer do people perceive the purpose or the meaning of socially binding arrangements when it comes to commons, they mostly see only the object itself to which a societal convention refers. And where the material reality of the phenomena in question is immaterial and volatile – for example, the air the knowledge about a plant’s healing properties – they are reified by privatizing them and assigning them a monetary value – through the establishment of carbon emissions trading rights, for instance, or through the patenting of knowledge according to the WTO’s regime for intellectual property rights.

…

Economic, ecological and social crises are merging to form a single one, a crisis of civilization. In light of catastrophes that they have triggered, the values that characterize our current civilization are proving to be destructive. We need a paradigm shift worldwide: a shift away from egocentric consumerism, away from a society’s structural imperative to maximize growth, and away from our arrogance with respect to the living environment. We, the people of our epoch, need new (old) societal institutions that are bound to a new (old) relationship of humans and nature.

…

In keeping with the dominant understanding that the feasibility of any plan is dependent on funding, the question of money is often raised to quickly in discussions about the realization of alternatives to the growth-based economy.l Even if some projects to strengthen the commons cannot do without money, this does not alter the fact that the logic of money as we know it is a fundamental built-in error of current-day socialization.

…

The logic of money is that of a mathematical equation, an exchange of equivalents. Order is supposedly achieved through the objectivity (or tangible quality of an object) of an invisible hand, which is supposed to be superior to the disorder of diversity given by nature. In the present, this is proving to be completely wrong. The logic of money is not suitable as a moral foundation for civilization. (emphasis added)

Presented without commentary (other than my above emphasis) under fair use and/or the terms of the license of the original article (CC:BY-SA 3.0) just in case fair use wasn’t enough ;)

First of all, full disclosure: I own a Kindle. It is registered with my partner’s Amazon account, but we share it and I do most of the reading on it since I travel more often. I know the inherent issues with DRM and Kindles but this post is about the topic more generally.

I’m going to tell you why I do not buy ebooks anymore.

1. Lack of DRM visibility

Mako brought this up in a quick post a couple of weeks ago which I won’t repeat other than saying: Since I am unable to tell which ebooks I’m buying are encumbered with DRM I am in a situation where I don’t even know which ebooks fall into the category of those I’m willing to buy. I am a sharer and love to share good books with friends. If I can’t even legally share/lend a book that I have read with a friend, then I won’t buy the book.

2. Inferior product to physical books
or
“Why ebooks are only for novels”

Ebooks are, by definition, electronic books. They can be read on an ebook reader (Kindle, Nook, etc) or on some other computing device (phone, laptop, desktop, whatever will run the software). All of these devices have a mechanism where by the reader can interact with the text. This is usually through at least a few buttons. On ebook readers there are special purpose-built buttons for things like turning the pages but there is also normally some method of doing general navigation (like scrolling, selecting from a list, etc). Thus, ebooks are able of being interacted with in much the same way we interact with other electronic content.

BUT! We can’t.

My example is a great book I’m reading by David Graeber called Debt: The First 5000 Years. It is a ~500 page book with endnotes and bibliography. He’s an academic, so he makes use of those endnotes. There are actually a few layers of wrongness here.

A) Academic books should not use end-of-book notes (where the notes are after the end of the book). That way I don’t have to use two bookmarks to read a book. Right now, with Debt, you can watch me on the Caltrain in the morning flipping back and forth between page 150 and 400. This is a total waste of time. Especially so when the end-of-book notes are made up of both extra content/asides and simple citations (eg: Graeber, 2008).

B) Simple citations such as “end of the sentence (Graeber 2008).” should be in-line. They don’t take up much room and are easy to read past quickly and ignore if you don’t care.

C) Academic books should use footnotes (notes at the bottom of the page), not even endnotes (where the notes are at the end of the chapter). This way I can most efficiently read what the note says. No page flipping just a quick glance down and there we are, done. With endnote or end-of-book notes I have to flip a bunch of pages forward, look for a number that I forgot, flip back to where I was, get the number, flip back to the endnotes, find the number, read the note, then go back to where I was.

On this point, David Graeber even agrees with me.

D) This applies doubly so to ebook versions. If I were to read Debt on the Kindle I would probably ragequit within 5 minutes. How am I supposed to deal with end-of-book notes on a Kindle? Sure, I can use the buttons on the kindle to move a cursor down along the left to the correct line, then move it over to the right to the correct endnote number, then select, read it, then hit back to get where I was. That actually isn’t horrible but it is surprisingly slow. Simply moving the cursor down and over takes a long time given the response time of the Kindle.

This may be fixed with newer Kindles. I have a 3rd Generation Kindle.

This would be fixed if they simply added in a small amount of logic to the text display engine that puts the relevant footnotes at the bottom of the current screen.

Solution?
Academic book publishers should:

• A) Tell me if they impose DRM.
• B) Don’t use DRM, of course :)
• C) Use footnotes at the bottom of the current page.
• D) Profit!

Yep. If I can find good academic oriented books that follow those two rules, I’ll purchase them (lots of them) for my ereader.

Addendum:
My good friend Molly just posted about how she also is sad about academic ebooks in her post “citing from the kindle.”